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A deterministic shocker holds a test animal within an enclosure on a grid floor of electrodes such that a controller places a small current across each electrode and measures the electrical resistance of each electrode. The electrode with the lowest resistance strongly correlates to the location of a paw of the animal so that the controller delivers a small electric shock to only that electrode. Animal movement can be tracked and recorded during an experimental run. A second enclosure may be located adjacent the first enclosure separated by a transparent partition wherein the second enclosure also has a grid floor comprised of a plurality of electrodes, The controller also places a current across each of these electrodes and measures the electrical resistance thereof so that this animal's movement can also be tracked during the experiment to measure this second animal's response in witnessing the shocking of the first animal.
