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Some of the material in is restricted to members of the community. By logging in, you may be able to gain additional access to certain collections or items. If you have questions about access or logging in, please use the form on the Contact Page.
As a kind of controlled cognition, strategically reinstating an encoding process to facilitate retrieval of specific subsets of information is more cognitively costly than more automatic forms of retrieval. Although strategic...
The dual-pathway model (Sonuga-Barke, 2002, 2003) proposes Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) develops along two distinct but interrelated developmental pathways, a cognitive pathway of inhibitory control (IC) deficits and a...
Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) has been proposed as an important transdiagnostic variable within various anxiety and mood disorders. It has been suggested that individuals high in IU may interpret ambiguous information in a more...
Children who are native Spanish-speaking Language Minority Youth (LMY) comprise the fastest growing population of students in the United States. In addition, these children lag significantly behind their non-LMY peers in academic...
Injurious falls often have tragic consequences such as loss of independence, bodily harm and high monetary costs. Evidence on the effects of lexical cognitive tasks on gait in healthy older individuals is lacking. This study investigated...
Interference between similar events is known to be a major mechanism of forgetting. As such, it is important for us to understand how to reduce interference effects. While early research suggested that differentiation of the two sources...
Perceptual-training paradigms offer a promising platform for improving intelligibility of dysarthric speech by offsetting the communicative burden from the speaker onto the listener. Much of the research to date has utilized young adults...
Little is known about what contributes to individual differences in reading fluency after accounting for accuracy. Previous research has shown individual differences in the relative growth in word and nonword reading, specifically a...
Previous studies have demonstrated that verbal descriptions of actions activate compatible motor responses (Glenberg & Kaschak, 2002; Zwaan & Taylor, 2006). The present study replicates previous findings showing that, within a sentence, ...
A well-supported view of goal pursuit states that committing to a specific plan for a goal will increase one's odds of success (Gollwitzer, 1999). The present work sought to reveal an exception to that rule. First, it was predicted that...
In two previous studies, Folstein et al. (2017) and Folstein and Monfared (2019), we trained participants to categorize a set of novel cartoon alien animals based on their visual features. After training periods of different length, they...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the shared and unique contributions of three metalinguistic skills to the word reading and reading comprehension abilities of Adult Basic Education (ABE) students. Across studies, the...
Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder that affects various aspects of speech production, such as breath support, speech rate, articulation, and prosody. Traditional speech therapy involved behavioral changes to how a person with...
Theories of decision making often posit the existence of two separate modes of information processing known as type 1 and type 2 thinking. Type 1 thinking is characterized by autonomous information processing that does not impinge on...
The present study investigated the dynamic developmental relations between phonological awareness and decoding ability in two groups of 3- and 4-year-old children (N = 2, 513) from the Head Start Impact Study (U.S. Department of Health...
The present work explored the influence of emergency severity on racial biases in helping behavior. Three studies placed participants in staged emergencies and measured differences in the speed and quantity of help offered to Black and...
The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of two theory-based strategies to promote cognitive training adherence among older adults over an extended period. Strategies either: (a) incorporated elements of implementation...
Evidence of an automatic tendency to think about and attend to one's unfulfilled goals led us to examine whether unfulfilled goals can distract from other, unrelated pursuits. In three studies, we manipulated goal frustration or goal...
Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) is a measure of lexical access in which a subject must name an array of visual stimuli as fast as possible. RAN has been shown to be highly predictive of reading ability and reading deficits. Most...
Interference is a major cause of forgetting. Educational contexts in particular are rife with sources of interference. Avoiding interference in educational contexts is therefore a goal of researchers. Recent research has demonstrated...
Speech production is a learned behavior requiring sensorimotor integration. For humans and other species that produce learned vocalizations, an individual must be exposed to sufficient auditory input, typically early in development. Then...
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether Spanish-speaking language minority children develop conceptual knowledge (Cummins, 1981) that is common to their two languages alongside development of proficiency in their first (L1) and...
Although it is well known that people have fundamental desires for both social affiliation and power, it is less clear how these core social motives interface with each other. In the current research, I tested the hypothesis that power...
Anxiety sensitivity (AS) has become one of the most well researched risk factors for the development of psychopathology. Research has found that the AS subfactor of cognitive concerns may be play an important role in PTSD, depression, ...
Screening benefits both individuals and systems, enabling early identification of treatable conditions at scale. In education, schools use a variety of assessments and approaches to screen for risk of dyslexia or reading difficulties, ...
Although word knowledge is often conceptualized as an "all or nothing" phenomenon, the dichotomy of this perspective may not capture what children actually know when they "know" a word. An alternative perspective, that word knowledge is...
The Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders task (HTKS; Ponitz, McClelland, Matthews, & Morrison, 2009) is a commonly used measure of executive functioning (EF) designed for use with young children. Consistent with the larger literature demonstrating...
Recent studies have drawn a close relationship between visual perception and language, showing, for example, that readers respond faster to a picture of a flying eagle than a perched eagle after a sentence that implicitly constrains the...
Recent evidence in support of embodied cognition suggests that cognition in general, and language comprehension in particular, calls upon sensorimotor traces to mentally simulate described situations. Although the extent to which such...
The contingent spatial blink paradigm developed by Folk, Leber, and Egeth (2002) reveals a surprising lack of control when it comes to our ability to maintain attention sets (goals). A completely irrelevant distractor sharing the color...
Spelling a complex English word is more difficult than reading it, suggesting that spelling requires a higher quality orthographic representation and a greater degree of word knowledge compared to reading. In the absence of a high...
The process of learning well-coordinated motor sequences is an essential aspect of human behavior. Learning to speak, play an instrument, or swing a baseball bat requires the brain to encode a very specific sequence of motor activity. It...
Research has shown that the frequency of patterns in everyday print influences the naming speed of those patterns. The present study aims to investigate the impact of single-letter frequency on naming time in the Rapid Automatized Naming...
The performance of many important everyday tasks requires the proper allocation of attention to task-relevant information, yet often attention can be captured by distracting irrelevant information. Several search paradigms have been...
Some of the material in is restricted to members of the community. By logging in, you may be able to gain additional access to certain collections or items. If you have questions about access or logging in, please use the form on the Contact Page.
