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Some of the material in is restricted to members of the community. By logging in, you may be able to gain additional access to certain collections or items. If you have questions about access or logging in, please use the form on the Contact Page.
Satellite data is compared to objectively analyzed wind data from the Hurricane Research Division's H*Wind software to attempt to quantify the value that satellite data could bring to the objective analysis. Previous research (DiNapoli...
Surface albedo is defined as the ratio of the reflected to the incident solar radiation on the earth's surface. Some general circulation model simulations indicate that an increase in albedo due to desertification and deforestation may...
Over the past 40 years radiative transfer models have consistently under-predicted the amount of solar absorption by clouds. Estimates of the size of this discrepancy at the beginning of its discovery were ~10 W/m^2, but in 1995 jumped...
The land/sea warming contrast being greater than unity is a well-known phenomenon in response to anthropogenic radiative forcing. The land/sea surface warming asymmetry is essentially a result of the differing surface and boundary layer...
With current computational limitations, the accuracy of high resolution precipitation forecasts has limited temporal and spatial resolutions. Forecast accuracy drops dramatically after a 24 hour forecast. Current operational mesoscale...
This study explores sensitivity of the Atlantic subtropical anticyclone and the tracks of tropical cyclones traveling around the subtropical anticyclone to radiative transfer. The data sets for these experiments are derived from 120...
The purpose of this study is to test a perfect prognosis scheme used to develop lightning guidance for the warm season (May-September) for three regions of the country (Colorado, Washington, D.C., and Oregon). This guidance product is...
The advent of ensembles permits forecasters to have an implied level of confidence based upon the level of (dis)agreement among those ensembles. However, there are occasionally situations where the ensemble members may agree but be in...
Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs) are an important measure of our current weather and climate, as well as an essential variable in both short and long term weather forecasting. Infrared SST retrievals are reliant on passive sensors, and...
Anthropogenic pollution impacts many of the Earth's natural processes. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that transport pollutants from the surface to the free atmosphere is important for understanding the chemical composition of...
This study addresses the issue of global and regional cloud cover forecasts. Using a suite of global models, the multimodel superensemble forecasts are constructed for total cloud coverage and layered (low, middle, and high) cloud...
This study develops nudging methods of data assimilation that will expand the utility of the forthcoming GOES-R satellite series by including data from the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) and Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI). We...
Understanding and predicting the inner-core structure and intensity change of tropical cyclones (TCs) remains one of the biggest challenges in tropical meteorology. This study addresses this challenge by investigating the formation, ...
An adjoint mesoscale modeling system based on the Naval Research Laboratory's Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) atmospheric model was created for use in sensitivity and data assimilation experiments. In...
Satellite observations have revealed a small-scale (< 1000 km) air-sea coupling in regions of strong sea surface temperature (SST) gradients (e.g., fronts, currents, eddies, and tropical instability waves), where the surface wind and...
Lightning data provide a valuable tool for examining interactions between multi-scale weather phenomena. Weather events are determined by complex atmospheric interactions at various spatial and temporal scales. Long-term climatologies...
This study explores extreme surface temperature events in Southern Hemisphere winter (June – August) from 1979 to 2011 and their relation with meridional mass circulation by using daily ERA-interim Re-Analysis data from European Center...
In this study, we have diagnosed diabatic heating, meridional adiabatic mass and angular momentum transport, and downward transfer of westerly angular momentum by the pressure torque in isentropic coordinates using daily NCEP-NCAR...
Radiance data obtained from NASA's Advanced Infrared Sounder (AIRS) is used in an attempt to improve the mesoscale prediction of temperature and moisture using one- and four-dimensional variational data assimilation (1D/4D-Var). The...
Anthropogenic emissions are transported both locally and globally. Depending on the magnitude of the transport, the emissions can have varying impacts on air quality and atmospheric chemistry. Transport occurs most efficiently if...
Over the past few decades, numerical weather prediction (NWP) models (and by extension human forecasts) have evolved markedly due to better meteorological understanding, improved observations, data assimilation, physics parameterization, ...
Wave and wind direction effects on remote sensing measurements of ocean surface emissivity are investigated using a microwave radiometer in high wind conditions with a focus on tropical cyclones. Surface wind speed, which drives many...
Disorganized, weakly forced convection is a routine summertime occurrence in the Southeast United States. Pulse severe storms are single cell thunderstorms that produce severe wind and/or severe hail for a brief period of time. These...
The warm core structure of a tropical cyclone (TC) has been previously analyzed through aircraft observations, dropsondes, satellite-borne Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) data, and numerical simulations. It has been shown that...
The sporadic nature of lightning in tropical cyclones (TCs) is a topic of great interest to researchers and forecasters. This study explores relationships between lightning, cloud microphysics, and TC storm structure in rapidly...
This study presents a new algorithm to dealias folded Doppler velocities in S, C, and X-Band radars using a new boundary detection technique on the raw velocity field as a whole, rather than the traditional gate by gate methodology used...
Accurate hurricane intensity prediction is at the forefront of atmospheric science today, and improvements to mesoscale modeling of these storms continue to be major components of refining the accuracy of intensity forecasting. The...
Tropical cyclogenesis in the eastern North Pacific (EPAC) basin is related to gap-wind-induced vorticity, the monsoon trough, and the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). There are several gaps in the Central American Mountains, on the...
Accurate forecasting of seasonal rainfall is important for many areas of commerce, including, but not limited to, agriculture, manufacturing, and power generation. There have been several studies addressing the predictability of rainfall...
A four-dimensional model was designed to assimilate ozone for a one-year period from January to December 1999. The model has 1 ° x 1 ° horizontal resolution and is 18 sigma levels in the vertical from 10 hPa to the Earth's surface. This...
This study evaluates the impacts of two different precipitation types on stage heights from a fully integrated and distributed, physically based hydrologic model - MIKE SHE. Simulations using a network of South Florida Water Management...
Diabatic processes including latent heating and radiation are parameterized in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models and constitute a major source of error. Isolating the extent of diabatic modification in an extratropical cyclone in...
At the same temperature, below 0oC, the saturation vapor pressure (SVP) over ice is slightly less than the SVP over liquid water. Numerical models use the Clausius-Clapeyron relation to calculate the SVP and relative humidity, but there...
There is an operational need for accurate tropical cyclone (TC) genesis forecasts. Global numerical models are an important genesis guidance tool, but each model has biases. Further, the interpretation of when genesis occurs in a model...
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) conducted the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) mission during 2008 as a part of the International Polar Year (IPY). The...
This study evaluates the impacts of two types of rainfall input on simulated streamflow using a specialized, fully-distributed hydrologic model—the Watershed Assessment Model (WAM). We compare gauge-only Thiessen polygon input data with...
Extratropical cyclones are responsible for the generation of large amounts of latent andsensible heat fluxes over the ocean. These fluxes are the main mechanism by which the ocean influences the atmosphere. Extratropical cyclones that...
The annual cycle is a large scale climate process which influences smaller scale climate and meteorological processes. In this research, the annual cycle is defined by the climates response to Earth's orbit about the sun. In this...
As a continuation to the shortwave phase of the third Intercomparison of Radiation Codes in Climate Models (ICRCCM III) by Barker et al. (2003), this study establishes longwave benchmarks for inhomogeneous cloud fields and compares the...
Changes in cloud properties in response to surface warming have been consistently identified as the feedback contributing the largest uncertainty in the overall climate feedback parameter, which describes changes in top of atmosphere...
Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) has been flying on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite since October 28, 2011. A striping phenomenon contained in the global distribution of O (observations) minus B ...
This research focuses on the transport of chemical species to the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS) by tropical cyclones (TCs). Species such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and ozone have been found to exert a greater...
The polar regions of the world constitute an important sector in the global energy balance. Among other effects responsible for the change in the sea-ice cover like ocean circulation and ice-albedo feedback, the cloud-radiation feedback...
Physical processes that enhance heavy rainfall in association with warm season (April-September) fronts are investigated over western North Carolina. In this region of complex terrain encompassing the basins of the Upper Catawba River, ...
Cloud-to-ground lightning data from the National Lightning Detection Network during the 14-year period 1989-2002 are used to create a warm season lightning climatology for the northern Gulf Coast. Days are separated into five flow...
This study aims to unravel the driving factors of rainfall variability on interannual time-scales and for extreme events over western equatorial Africa (WEA). We first defined homogeneous and contiguous regions with respect to...
This study examines the impact of anomalous differential generation of available potential energy by absorbing aerosols on the transition and early active phases of the south Asian summer monsoon. Aerosol direct and indirect effects...
Unlike conventional and satellite observations, the Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) techniques provide all-weather, high-vertical-resolution observations that require no calibration. In this dissertation, the...
A local, regime-dependent cloud mask (CM) algorithm is developed for isolating cloud-free pixels from cloudy pixels for Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) imager radiance assimilation using mesoscale forecast models...
The structure of a tropical cyclone (TC) is a spatial representation of its organizational pattern and distribution of energy acquisition and release. This fingerprint depicts a specific phase in the TC's meteorological lifecycle, ...
Some of the material in is restricted to members of the community. By logging in, you may be able to gain additional access to certain collections or items. If you have questions about access or logging in, please use the form on the Contact Page.
