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Some of the material in is restricted to members of the community. By logging in, you may be able to gain additional access to certain collections or items. If you have questions about access or logging in, please use the form on the Contact Page.
The current study evaluated the performance of an emergent construct known as effortful control (EC) in predicting fearful responding to a biological stressor. EC refers to an individual difference variable thought to describe the...
The current study examines the effect that reading a list of warning signs for suicide has on beliefs about suicide. All participants read two sets of warning signs (with only the experimental group reading the suicide warning signs) and...
The current project sought to examine a typology for classifying substance abusers based on personality dimensions (introversion-hopelessness, anxiety sensitivity, impulsivity, and sensation seeking) that differentially predicts...
The ability to alter, regulate, or otherwise control one's own behavior is a valuable but limited human capacity. Good self-control facilitates success in life, but self-control attempts often fail. The present work examined two causes...
Research evidences a link between eating disorders and suicidal behaviors, and capability for suicide has been proposed as a mechanism underlying this relationship. Negative body attitudes and experiences (BAE) are another promising set...
Joiner's (2005) theory suggests that there is a key difference between those who attempt and those who complete suicide. Although both attempters and completers have a desire for death, Joiner proposes that only those who complete...
Contemporary racism poses a serious barrier to addressing the pervasive issue of racial inequality. Thus, it is important to identify the characteristic features of such racism and who are the kind of people more likely to perpetuate it....
Rising partisan prejudice in the U.S. has rendered relations between the two political sides increasingly volatile. Meanwhile, an uncivil and hyper-partisan political climate has likely fomented social tolerance for, and even approval of...
In contrast with research on community samples, which shows consistent evidence of reduced P3 brain potential amplitude in individuals with externalizing problems including impulsive and aggressive-antisocial tendencies, findings from...
Individuals differ in how selective, or choosy, they are when selecting long-term relationship partners. An interdisciplinary approach suggests individual differences in partner choosiness may be shaped, at least in part, by ecological...
Introduction: Social support and loneliness have been identified as important factors in mental and physical health. People with social anxiety disorder (SAD) often report low levels of social support and high levels of loneliness (Alden...
Men commit 86% of all gun-related homicides in the United States despite women accounting for 40% of gun ownership. Hegemonic definitions of gender indicate that traditional masculine traits, compared to traditional feminine traits, are...
Previous research has found that uncertainty temporarily impairs people's ability to exercise self-regulation (Alquist, Baumeister, & Tice, in prep; Milkman, 2012). The present study tested the hypothesis that uncertainty continues to...
Previous studies have demonstrated that verbal descriptions of actions activate compatible motor responses (Glenberg & Kaschak, 2002; Zwaan & Taylor, 2006). The present study replicates previous findings showing that, within a sentence, ...
People's long-term partner ideals are functional in that they guide adaptive mate-selection decisions and thus people should be more satisfied with, and consequently, have more positive interactions with their romantic partners to the...
A well-supported view of goal pursuit states that committing to a specific plan for a goal will increase one's odds of success (Gollwitzer, 1999). The present work sought to reveal an exception to that rule. First, it was predicted that...
The Firing Dilemma: Sacrificial Managerial Decisions Entail a Tradeoff of Warmth and Competence, Paralleling Inferences from Sacrificial Moral Dilemmas
Managers often face choices where harming a few people benefits the business overall, e.g., downsizing under crisis. They report such decisions as very difficult even when efficient. Sacrificial managerial decisions (e.g., cutting a job...
Self-control predicts moral behavior. Traditional theory explains this finding by suggesting self-control works to inhibit antisocial impulses, which everyone experiences. However, Aristotle argued that by practicing virtue, people’s...
There is a well-documented sexual dimorphism in the neural control of food intake and body weight regulation. Estradiol is a leading candidate as a potential biological factor contributing to these sex differences due to its robust...
Religious people tend to reject causing harm on classic moral dilemmas where harm maximizes overall outcomes (consistent with deontology; inconsistent with utilitarianism), but the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear....
Anxiety disorders contribute substantially to the overall public health burden of psychopathology. Anxiety sensitivity (AS), a fear of anxiety related sensations, is one of the few known malleable risk factors for anxiety pathology....
Previous research indicates that exposure to the U.S. flag increases the academic performance of racial majority group members, but does not influence the performance of racial minority group members. The current work tests the...
Purging Disorder (PD), a proposed Eating Disorder Not Elsewhere Classified (American Psychiatric Association, 2010), is characterized by recurrent purging in the absence of binge eating. Though objectively large binge episodes are not...
Sexual orientation has emerged as a consistent and specific risk factor for eating pathology in men, with bisexual and gay (BG) men having higher rates of eating pathology than heterosexual men. One theoretical explanation for this...
Do people grant moral exemplars the benefit of the doubt for bad behavior, or hold them to a higher standard than morally average targets? Across 5 studies, we compared evaluations of moral character between exemplars and 'average Joes'...
Relationship conflict is a stressful experience for couples and stress can disrupt the balance within the immune system. In particular, stressful experiences tend to be linked with an upregulation of cytokines. In this study, I examined...
Evidence of an automatic tendency to think about and attend to one's unfulfilled goals led us to examine whether unfulfilled goals can distract from other, unrelated pursuits. In three studies, we manipulated goal frustration or goal...
Despite the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), most socially anxious individuals do not seek treatment. The current study evaluated the efficacy of three-session motivation enhancement therapy (MET) designed to increase CBT...
Intimates regularly attempt to motivate their partners to change their undesirable behaviors by engaging in confrontational partner-regulation behaviors. Although recent research suggests that such behaviors can indeed motivate partners...
The current investigation sought to investigate whether emotional insensitivity (as opposed to emotional distress) mediates the relationship between social exclusion and aggressive behavior. Results from Experiments 1 and 2 showed that...
Individuals with social anxiety have been found to exhibit hypervigilance to detection of socially-relevant threat cues. Additionally, it has been posited that socially anxious individuals experience increased anxiety when attending to a...
In sacrificial dilemmas where causing harm maximizes outcomes, people rate judges who reject outcome-maximizing harm as more trustworthy, warm, and moral—but less competent and leader-like—than judges who endorse such harm. However, ...
The capacity to exert control over one's behavior is known as self-control and this ability to self-regulate is a necessary component for directing personal behavior toward achieving a specific goal. Self-regulation operates within a...
The present study examined some specific mechanisms that might underlie the connection between alcohol and suicide risk. According to the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide, individuals who experience thwarted belongingness, ...
In many domains of social life, people risk wrongly accusing an innocent person (i.e., false alarm error) or failing to catch a guilty person (i.e., miss error). Do liberals and conservatives differ in their concern about these types of...
Partner defection for an attractive alternative represents a threat to romantic relationships. Intimates’ behaviors to combat this threat are likely influenced by their attachment style. Attachment anxiety is characterized by fear of...
Although social sanctions have made it unacceptable to express many forms of prejudice, for some, class-based antipathy is still an accepted form of prejudice. The current work investigated prejudice against White people from a low...
Despite social pressure for White Americans to be nonprejudiced, Black Americans still regularly experience discrimination. We argue that bias persists because although many White Americans espouse nonprejudiced beliefs, far fewer...
Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is a prevalent disorder marked by significant impairment. Advancing our understanding of the disorder is important to prevention and treatment of SAD. Formal diagnostic criteria and traditional accounts of...
Research suggests that individuals high in trait anger have a cognitive bias for attributing hostile intentions to ambiguous situations. However, no studies have tested whether this interpretation bias can be altered to influence anger...
Prior findings of emotional numbness (rather than distress) among socially excluded persons led us to investigate whether exclusion causes a far-reaching insensitivity to both physical and emotional pain. Experiments 1-4 showed that...
Recent evidence in support of embodied cognition suggests that cognition in general, and language comprehension in particular, calls upon sensorimotor traces to mentally simulate described situations. Although the extent to which such...
The contingent spatial blink paradigm developed by Folk, Leber, and Egeth (2002) reveals a surprising lack of control when it comes to our ability to maintain attention sets (goals). A completely irrelevant distractor sharing the color...
Three experiments tested the effects of ego depletion on economic decision-making in the investment game. Participants completed a self-control task or simplified version not requiring self-control. Then participants divided $10 between...
Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychiatric disorders in the United States and result in substantial burden to the individual and society. While effective cognitive-behavioral treatments for anxiety disorders have been developed...
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