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Some of the material in is restricted to members of the community. By logging in, you may be able to gain additional access to certain collections or items. If you have questions about access or logging in, please use the form on the Contact Page.
A decrease in dietary fat does not alter the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, or cardiovascular disease (CVD) in postmenopausal women (SOR: B, based on a single RCT), nor does it significantly alter CHD in women aged 30 to...
Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), cognitive-behavioral stress reduction (CBSR), and somatic relaxation are all effective therapies for psychosocial stress. Exercise also reduces stress and improves mental health (SOR B, based on...
Heparin does not appear to improve overall outcomes when used for ischemic stroke or within the first 2 weeks of a cardioembolic stroke. (SOR B, extrapolated from meta-analyses of multiple heparinoids.)
The answer remains unclear. Nasal salmon calcitonin is effective for analgesia of vertebral compression fractures (SOR A, based on a systematic review of randomized controlled trials [RCTs]). Although percutaneous vertebroplasty is...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Retention and recruitment of minority faculty members continues to be a concern of medical schools because there is higher attrition and talent loss among this group. While much has been written, there has not...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Student-produced creative arts journals now exist in several medical schools. The Florida State University College of Medicine (FSUCOM) has created HEAL: Humanism Evolving through Arts and Literature. This...
Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is superior to no treatment or inactive controls, and is effective in nonpregnant, pregnant, and postpartum women. (SOR A, based on meta-analyses.) The clinical value of habit retraining, timed voiding...
Cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and respiratory fluoroquinolones are recommended for influenza-associated pneumonia. Oseltamivir and zanamivir can be used to reduce viral shedding in hospitalized patients with influenza, with or without...
Innocent or functional murmurs are the most common, present at some point in 50% to 90% of children, typically between 2 and 7 years of age. (SOR B, based on a cohort study.) Systolic murmurs due to systemic diseases or infections are...
No studies have addressed the question of whether metformin reduces development of diabetes among adolescents who are obese. Metformin treatment in adolescents who are obese can modestly reduce risk factors for type 2 diabetes, including...
In patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD), a structured exercise program improves walking distances and is relatively low risk and low cost. Lipid-lowering therapy reduces the risk of cardiovascular events and also increases...
Weight loss therapy consisting of 20 to 30 lifestyle-modification group visits is associated with modest (4–8 kg) weight loss. (SOR A, based on homogeneous randomized controlled trials [RCTs].) For patients who participate in group...
Patients using the leukotriene inhibitor montelukast require less frequent use of rescue medication than patients using the long-acting beta-agonist salmeterol. (SOR B, based on a single randomized controlled trial [RCT]). No studies...
Calcitonin has been shown to improve acute pain at rest in patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures, when compared with placebo, and reduce the use of other analgesic medications (SOR A, based on a meta-analysis of randomized...
The risk of recurrence of inguinal hernia is reduced by the use of synthetic mesh, but does not depend on the specific surgical procedure. Compared with the open approach, laparoscopy requires a longer operation (15 minutes longer on...
How Safe and Effective is Pramlintide in Improving Long-Term Glycemic Control and Weight Loss in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Receiving Insulin?
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) may lower systolic and diastolic blood pressures in patients with primary hypertension, but is not recommended as an antihypertensive treatment (SOR: C, systematic review of low-quality RCTs using disease-oriented...
The Joel-Cohen skin incision is associated with less fever, pain, analgesic use, and blood loss, as well as shorter surgeries and hospital stays when compared with the Pfannenstiel skin incision (SOR: A, based on a systematic review)....
Elderly women with symptomatic lower urinary tract infections (UTIs) should be treated for 3 to 6 days with oral antibiotics. This duration provides better short-term outcomes than 1-day therapy and has long-term outcomes equivalent to 7...
The following interventions improve important outcomes in patients with systolic heart failure (all SORs: A, based on meta-analyses): • Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce mortality, repeat myocardial infarction (MI), ...
The laparoscopic onlay patch repair is associated with less recurrence, shorter hospital stay, lower wound morbidity, and lower postoperative pain when compared with open suture repair. (SOR B, based on a single cohort study.) Open...
Compared with low-fat diets, carbohydrate-restricted diets (eg, Atkins) produce more weight loss in the short term (at 6 months but not at 1 year) and produce a greater reduction in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C). (SOR A, based on a...
Fluoride mouth rinses and fluoride toothpastes used regularly at home reduce the incidence of dental caries about 25%. (SOR A, based on systematic reviews of RCTs.) Professionally applied fluoride varnishes reduce carries by about 50%. ...
Cholinesterase inhibitors alone or in combination with memantine delay the rate of nursing home admissions among elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but have no statistical influence on mortality. (SOR B, based on an...
Current guidelines recommend that patients with acute asthma exacerbations be treated with systemic corticosteroids for 5 to 10 days, so continued steroid therapy is an option. However, limited evidence suggests that a 2-week course of...
Increased salt intake, compression stockings, and midodrine can reduce symptoms related to benign orthostatic hypotension. (SOR B, based on a single study of each intervention.) Counterpressure measures are safe, easy, reliable...
Aspartame may be associated with headaches in susceptible individuals (SOR B, based on a small crossover study.) Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is associated with a range of constitutional symptoms; however, with blinding, responses to MSG...
Background: Efforts to increase medical student knowledge regarding obesity are needed in medical school curriculum. This article examines a third year medical student intervention utilizing obesity group visits. Description: In our...
Nonpharmacologic therapies for phantom limb pain (PLP) that have demonstrated some success include motor imagery therapy (SOR C, extrapolated from a randomized controlled trial [RCT] that enrolled a heterogeneous patient sample);...
Patients with Bell's palsy have higher cure rates when treated with oral prednisolone within 72 hours of onset (SOR B, based on a single randomized controlled trial), but it is unclear what effect this therapy would have on patients with...
Recommended first-line antibiotic therapy for community-acquired (CA) pneumonia is 5 days of a macrolide in adults and 3 to 5 days of amoxicillin in children. (SOR: C, based on consensus guidelines.) In otherwise healthy adults, there is...
The Screener and Opioid Assessment Measure for Patients with Chronic Pain (SOAAP) and the Opioid Risk Tool (ORT) are both validated tools that screen for future problems with prescription opioids. The ORT has been more rigorously studied...
Oral naratriptan results in slightly fewer headache days than placebo in patients with menstrual migraines. (SOR A, based on consistent randomized controlled trials [RCTs].) Naproxen and magnesium therapy are also more effective than...
Women who smoke, have hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or factor V Leiden deficiency and take oral contraception (OC) are at increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI). Third-generation OCs and low-dose OCs are not associated with...
The Florida State University College of Medicine (FSUCOM) has created a new creative arts journal called HEAL: Humanism Evolving through Arts and Literature. This study was designed to evaluate the influence creative arts publications...
Preventing further exposure is clearly important. Postexposure, topical tacrolimus and topical steroids improve symptoms of nickel allergy better than placebo (SOR: B, 2 small RCTs).
Small changes in the dosing of levothyroxine (±25 mcg) are associated with large changes in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) concentrations, but not with measurable changes in hypothyroid symptoms, well...
Several ablative therapies are effective. However, endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) has a higher 5-year success rate than surgical stripping, ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS), and radiofre-quency ablation (RFA). EVLA is also...
It is recommended that pregnant women with Graves' disease and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) antibodies be treated with an antithyroid drug, whereas those without TSH antibodies should simply be observed. Radioiodine treatment with...
Objective: Poverty is a risk factor for obesity. Using homelessness as a marker for poverty, we examined the prevalence of obesity in Leon County, Florida's homeless population to determine their attitudes and perceptions towards the...
Compared with hysterectomy or myomectomy, UAE for treating fibroids results in similar patient satisfaction. UAE is associated with fewer blood transfusions, shorter hospital stays, and quicker resumption of normal activities than...
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