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Some of the material in is restricted to members of the community. By logging in, you may be able to gain additional access to certain collections or items. If you have questions about access or logging in, please use the form on the Contact Page.
A decrease in dietary fat does not alter the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, or cardiovascular disease (CVD) in postmenopausal women (SOR: B, based on a single RCT), nor does it significantly alter CHD in women aged 30 to...
Heparin does not appear to improve overall outcomes when used for ischemic stroke or within the first 2 weeks of a cardioembolic stroke. (SOR B, extrapolated from meta-analyses of multiple heparinoids.)
Three troponin T (TnT) mutants that cause hypertrophic, restrictive, and dilated cardiomyopathy (I79N, ΔE96, and ΔK210, respectively), were examined using the thin-filament extraction/reconstitution technique. Effects of Ca(2+), ATP, ...
BACKGROUND: This study explores relationships between chronic inflammation and quality of life, making a case for biopsychosocial modeling of these associations. It builds on research from social and clinical disciplines connecting...
Letter from Theophilus Biddulph to George Pearson, February 23, 1768
Description:
Sir Theophilus Biddulph thanks George Pearson's gift of a pointer dog, but returns him because his dogs on his estate are infected by mange. He also admits that the dog had "too much leather about the chaps, and was not ideal.
Personality traits contribute to health outcomes, in part through their association with major controllable risk factors, such as obesity. Body weight, in turn, reflects our behaviors and lifestyle and contributes to the way we perceive...
Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is superior to no treatment or inactive controls, and is effective in nonpregnant, pregnant, and postpartum women. (SOR A, based on meta-analyses.) The clinical value of habit retraining, timed voiding...
Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by extreme sensitivity to sunlight, higher incidence of skin cancers, pigmented alterations in the skin, and in some cases neurological abnormalities. XP is...
No studies have addressed the question of whether metformin reduces development of diabetes among adolescents who are obese. Metformin treatment in adolescents who are obese can modestly reduce risk factors for type 2 diabetes, including...
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major risk for ventricular arrhythmia. Pause-triggered ventricular arrhythmia can be caused by increased myofilament Ca binding due to sarcomeric mutations or Ca-sensitizing compounds. Myofilament Ca...
In patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD), a structured exercise program improves walking distances and is relatively low risk and low cost. Lipid-lowering therapy reduces the risk of cardiovascular events and also increases...
Weight discrimination is prevalent in American society. Although associated consistently with psychological and economic outcomes, less is known about whether weight discrimination is associated with longitudinal changes in obesity. The...
Weight loss therapy consisting of 20 to 30 lifestyle-modification group visits is associated with modest (4–8 kg) weight loss. (SOR A, based on homogeneous randomized controlled trials [RCTs].) For patients who participate in group...
The human cardiac troponin I (hcTnI) mutation R145W has been associated with restrictive cardiomyopathy. In this study, simultaneous measurements of ATPase activity and force in skinned papillary fibers from hcTnI R145W transgenic mice ...
Mutations in cardiac troponin C (TnC) linked to hypertrophic cardiomyopathies (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathies (DCM) have predominantly been studied in vitro. Using two genetically engineered mice, one bearing the mutation Ala8Val (KI...
Calcitonin has been shown to improve acute pain at rest in patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures, when compared with placebo, and reduce the use of other analgesic medications (SOR A, based on a meta-analysis of randomized...
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has paralleled the sharp increase in obesity. Given its tremendous physical, emotional, and financial burden, it is of critical importance to identify who is most at risk and the potential points of...
OBJECTIVE: Personality traits underlie maladaptive behaviors, and cognitive and emotional disturbances that contribute to major preventable causes of global disease burden. This study examines detailed personality profiles of underweight...
How Safe and Effective is Pramlintide in Improving Long-Term Glycemic Control and Weight Loss in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Receiving Insulin?
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) may lower systolic and diastolic blood pressures in patients with primary hypertension, but is not recommended as an antihypertensive treatment (SOR: C, systematic review of low-quality RCTs using disease-oriented...
Elderly women with symptomatic lower urinary tract infections (UTIs) should be treated for 3 to 6 days with oral antibiotics. This duration provides better short-term outcomes than 1-day therapy and has long-term outcomes equivalent to 7...
The following interventions improve important outcomes in patients with systolic heart failure (all SORs: A, based on meta-analyses): • Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce mortality, repeat myocardial infarction (MI), ...
Compared with low-fat diets, carbohydrate-restricted diets (eg, Atkins) produce more weight loss in the short term (at 6 months but not at 1 year) and produce a greater reduction in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C). (SOR A, based on a...
Objectives: Pharmacist-managed collaborative services in a family practice setting are described, and diabetes and hypertension outcomes are assessed. Methods: Pharmacist-managed clinics, pharmacotherapy consultations, and drug...
Fluoride mouth rinses and fluoride toothpastes used regularly at home reduce the incidence of dental caries about 25%. (SOR A, based on systematic reviews of RCTs.) Professionally applied fluoride varnishes reduce carries by about 50%. ...
A large body of evidence links antagonism-related traits with cardiovascular outcomes, but less is known about how psychological traits are associated with intermediate markers of cardiovascular disease. Using a large, community-based...
Cholinesterase inhibitors alone or in combination with memantine delay the rate of nursing home admissions among elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but have no statistical influence on mortality. (SOR B, based on an...
With the number of individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes on the rise, it has become more important to ensure these patients are effectively treated. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that 8.3% of all Americans...
Heart disease is the leading cause of death for both men and women in the United States. One of the many implications that persist in patients who suffer from coronary heart disease is the buildup of plaque within the blood vessels that...
Mutations in sarcomeric proteins have recently been established as heritable causes of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (RCM). RCM is clinically characterized as a defect in cardiac diastolic function, such as, impaired ventricular relaxation, ...
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulates synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis, and BDNF plasma and serum levels have been associated with depression, Alzheimer's disease, and other psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders....
Collagen XIV is a fibril-associated collagen with an interrupted triple helix (FACIT). Previous studies have shown that this collagen type regulates early stages of fibrillogenesis in connective tissues of high mechanical demand. Mice...
Increased salt intake, compression stockings, and midodrine can reduce symptoms related to benign orthostatic hypotension. (SOR B, based on a single study of each intervention.) Counterpressure measures are safe, easy, reliable...
Caffeine is well known to be the most highly consumed pharmacological agent in the world. Caffeine has been reported to acutely increase blood pressure (BP) and vasomotor tone for up to 3 hours after ingestion. L-citrulline...
Mutations in TNNT2, encoding cardiac troponin T, commonly shows early onset, aggressive dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). This observation may influence the decision of whether to undertake clinical genetic testing for TNNT2 in later onset...
BACKGROUND: High Neuroticism and low Conscientiousness are frequently implicated in health-risk behaviors, such as smoking and overeating, as well as health outcomes, including mortality. Their associations with physiological markers of...
Nonpharmacologic therapies for phantom limb pain (PLP) that have demonstrated some success include motor imagery therapy (SOR C, extrapolated from a randomized controlled trial [RCT] that enrolled a heterogeneous patient sample);...
Patients with Bell's palsy have higher cure rates when treated with oral prednisolone within 72 hours of onset (SOR B, based on a single randomized controlled trial), but it is unclear what effect this therapy would have on patients with...
Racial Disparity in the Associations of Microalbuminuria and Macroalbuminuria with Odds of Hypertension: Results from the NHANES Study in the United States
Background. Limited information is available on whether the associations of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria with the odds of hypertension differ among non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks, and Hispanics. Methods. Cross...
In human cardiomyopathy, anatomical abnormalities such as hypertrophy and fibrosis contribute to the risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. Here we have shown that increased myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity, also a common feature...
BACKGROUND: A key issue for cardiovascular genetic medicine is ascertaining if a putative mutation indeed causes dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). This is critically important as genetic DCM, usually presenting with advanced, life...
Women who smoke, have hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or factor V Leiden deficiency and take oral contraception (OC) are at increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI). Third-generation OCs and low-dose OCs are not associated with...
Distribution of orientations of myosin was examined in ex-vivo myofibrils from hearts of transgenic (Tg) mice expressing Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (FHC) troponin T (TnT) mutations I79N, F110I and R278C. Humans are heterozygous...
The ultimate goal of health literacy is to improve care by enhancing the patient's quality of life, maximizing clinical outcomes, and reducing inequities in health. Successful restructuring of the healthcare system to make it more...
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common primary cardiac disorder defined by a hypertrophied left ventricle, is one of the main causes of sudden death in young athletes, and has been associated with mutations in most sarcomeric...
Small changes in the dosing of levothyroxine (±25 mcg) are associated with large changes in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) concentrations, but not with measurable changes in hypothyroid symptoms, well...
Several ablative therapies are effective. However, endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) has a higher 5-year success rate than surgical stripping, ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS), and radiofre-quency ablation (RFA). EVLA is also...
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