Reaction Rate For Carbon Burning In Massive Stars

Carbon burning is a critical phase for nucleosynthesis in massive stars. The conditions for igniting this burning stage, and the subsequent isotope composition of the resulting ashes, depend strongly on the reaction rate for C-12 + C-12 fusion at very low energies. Results for the cross sections for this reaction are influenced by various backgrounds encountered in measurements at such energies. In this paper, we report on a new measurement of C-12 + C-12 fusion cross sections where these backgrounds have been minimized. It is found that the astrophysical S factor exhibits a maximum around E-cm = 3.5-4.0 MeV, which leads to a reduction of the previously predicted astrophysical reaction rate.