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Some of the material in is restricted to members of the community. By logging in, you may be able to gain additional access to certain collections or items. If you have questions about access or logging in, please use the form on the Contact Page.
The Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, is found throughout the Florida Keys and Dry Tortugas. In 1998, lobsters were discovered with small black, necrotic lesions on the carapace some associated with trauma. Since then the number...
Nucleosome distributions are critically important in regulating access to the eukaryotic genome. Cells with different physiologies have strikingly similar nucleosome distributions. Few studies in human cells have measured genome-wide...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex heterogeneous disease characterized by multiple mutations affecting critical signaling pathways. Limitations in therapeutic treatments due to the development of resistance mechanisms, toxicity, and...
The linker of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) protein complex bridges the inner and outer nuclear membranes and regulates a range of nuclear activities that include telomere tethering and chromosome movement. The canonical...
Eukaryotic genomes replicate via the synchronous firing of clusters of origins that together produce multi-replicon domains, each of which replicates at a defined time during S-phase. This temporal program is termed the DNA replication...
Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) learning occurs after the pairing of a novel taste with a toxin (e.g. sucrose taste with LiCl toxin). The immediate early gene c-Fos is necessary for CTA learning, but c-Fos alone cannot be sufficient for...
Oxidoreductase enzyme complexes are one of the known biomolecular machines, which play a crucial role in cellular biochemistry including metabolic, signaling, and electron transport pathways. In these complexes, individual subunits can...
As an RNA-guided RNA modification enzyme, the box H/ACA RNP recruits the guide RNA to recognize the substrate RNA, whereas the protein partners carry out the catalysis. Most intriguingly, box H/ACA RNPs share the same four conserved...
The temporal order in which segments of the genome are duplicated is referred to as the replication timing (RT) program. RT is established in each cell cycle coincident with the repositioning and anchorage of chromosomes in early G1. In...
Plants regulate gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels to produce a variety of functionally diverse cells and tissues that ensure normal growth, development, and environmental response. Although distinct...
Accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis is critical for generating genetic diversity and for producing gametes with the correct number of chromosomes. After meiotic S-phase, homologs pair, recombine, and then separate in meiosis I...
Plants are often subjected to extreme environmental conditions and must adapt rapidly. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) accumulates under abiotic stress conditions, signaling transcriptional changes that trigger physiological...
Stomata, each delimited by a pair of guard cells, are crucial for gas exchange in terrestrial plants. Guard-cell apoplastic sucrose concentration was proposed to be a signal that integrates the information from bulk-leaf apoplastic...
The eukaryotic genome is encased by a double membrane structure, the nuclear envelope (NE), forming the outer structure of the nucleus. The NE is highly dynamic and separates the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm. The NE is involved in...
The North American gray treefrog complex (Hyla versicolor sensu lato), defined here as encompassing the diploid species Hyla chrysoscelis and Hyla avivoca, and the tetraploid Hyla versicolor, has long been used as a model system in a...
The focus of this study is a prototypical member of the lipoxygenase protein family (acc. PF00305), soybean lipoxygenase-1 (LOX-1). I am interested in two aspects of this enzyme: a comparison of its structure and sequence with...
Among flowering plants, floral form is inherently linked to reproductive success and is therefore a key element in the evolution of angiosperm lineages. Variations in floral form and associated mating systems have demonstrated that...
Many proteins in the nucleus are involved in the regulation of DNA-templated events. Numerous studies have linked changes in the chromatin structure and the transcriptional program of a cell in response to a stimulus or during...
The development and experimental validation of a mathematical model for nanoparticle–based surface energy transfer (SET) between gold nanoparticles and fluorescent dye labels, has enabled biophysical studies of nucleic acid structure and...
Stomata close when plants are exposed to elevated CO2 concentration and they open when plants are exposed to low CO2 concentration. However, molecular elements of the signal transduction network involved in CO2 sensing have not been...
Drosophila melanogasterfemale fruit flies possess a pair of ovaries in which many egg chambers are produced, each containing an oocyte that houses the haploid female gamete. In the process of oogenesis, the multi-cellular egg chamber is...
Non-canonical forms of DNA like the guanine quadruplex (G4) play important roles in regulating transcription and translation through interactions with their protein partners. G4s comprise a class of nucleic acid structures formed by...
Guard cells in the leaf epidermis regulate transpiration rate (E) and carbon dioxide uptake by adjusting stomatal aperture size. Sucrose (suc) is a recent product of photosynthesis that accumulates around guard cells during transpiration...
Escherichia coli NADPH-dependent assimilatory sulfite reductase, SiR, provides reduced sulfur for assimilation into biomass. The ability of SiR to perform its high-volume electron transfer reaction without the release of partially...
Replicative DNA polymerases require a ssDNA template, yet polymerases themselves lack dsDNA unwinding activity (Kawasaki and Sugino, 2001). Enter the helicase, a motor protein that uses NTP-dependent conformational changes to unwind...
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection leads to acute and chronic liver disease for thousands of people every year. With the absence of an effective treatment method, new classes of anti-HCV therapies are needed. Cyclosporine (CsA) and its...
The 6.8 billion base pairs of human DNA must be packaged into chromatin to fit into the nucleus. The nucleosome, approximately 150 bp of genomic DNA wrapped 1.65 times around the histone octamer, is the fundamental unit of chromatin....
Chromatin remodelers alter DNA-histone interactions in eukaryotic organisms, and have been well characterized in yeast and Arabidopsis. While there are maize proteins with similar domains as known remodelers, the ability of the maize...
Importance of Molecular Weight and Succinylation of the Bacterial Exopolysaccharide Succinoglycan for the Symbiosis of Sinorhizobium Meliloti in the Host Plant Medicago Truncatula
Sinorhizobium meliloti bacteria fix nitrogen within symbiotic nodules on the roots of the legume plants alfalfa and Medicago truncatula. The bacteria provide nitrogen to the host plant and receive fixed carbon and other nutrients in...
ABA Contents in the Guard-Cell Symplast and Guard-Cell Apoplast Are Not Correlated with Stomatal Aperture Size under Three Conditions of Water Sufficiency
Guard cells respond to environmental stimuli by opening and closing stomata, which balance CO2 uptake and water conservation. Stomatal closure under water deficiency and the involvement of abscisic acid (ABA) in this response are well...
The cis-regulatory elements encoded by the genome and the epigenetic regulation that influences their function are necessary for defining organismal phenotype. However, a gap exists in our understanding of the role that epigenetic...
Complex organelles, such as cilia and flagella, play an integral part in how a cell interacts with the environment. The model system Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a biflagellate alga that uses its flagella for swimming and sensing the...
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an abundant and dynamic protein modification in eukaryotes, carried out by O-GlcNAc transferases (OGT). Two OGTs from Arabidopsis, SPINDLY (SPY) and SECRET AGENT (SEC), play important roles in...
DNA replication, the duplication of genetic and epigenetic information, is the basis of biological inheritance. In all eukaryotes, DNA replication follows a tightly regulated replication-timing program, which dynamically changes during...
DNA is replicated in a defined temporal order termed the RT program. Ordered DNA replication is conserved in eukaryotes, yet its biological significance remains enigmatic. 3D genome organization as assayed by Hi-C has revealed that RT is...
X chromosome inactivation (XCI), the mammalian form of dosage compensation, is a canonical example of epigenetic regulation and involves the transcriptional repression of nearly an entire chromosome (Xi) while preserving the...
During the age of non-avian dinosaurs, ancestors of present-day mammals were likely small insectivores, relegated to nocturnal and subterranean niches. This nocturnal "bottle-neck" is postulated as a driving force of numerous...
In nature, different rhizobial genotypes, that are either ineffective or inefficient in nitrogen (N2)-fixation are able to invade plant roots and colonize developing nodules along with highly effective nitrogen fixers. In plants such as...
Sugar, the end product of photosynthesis, not only plays an important role in carbon and energy metabolism and in polymer biosynthesis, it also functions as a hormone like signaling molecule that regulates the expression of many genes...
Some of the material in is restricted to members of the community. By logging in, you may be able to gain additional access to certain collections or items. If you have questions about access or logging in, please use the form on the Contact Page.